内蒙古沙漠里开出年宵花 “沙漠蝴蝶兰”入万家******
(新春走基层)内蒙古沙漠里开出年宵花 “沙漠蝴蝶兰”入万家
中新网鄂尔多斯1月12日电 题：内蒙古沙漠里开出年宵花 “沙漠蝴蝶兰”入万家
中新网记者 张玮
距离春节还有10天，中国各地的年宵花拉开热销大幕。
《2023年宵花城市排行榜》显示，2022年12月最后一周，年宵花线上销量环比涨幅高达60%。目前已上线的近80款年宵花中，蝴蝶兰“热力”名列前茅，北京、广州、佛山、深圳、上海、西安等城市的蝴蝶兰销量均闯入前3位。
无论作为热门年礼，还是不少人的“心头好”，具有“洋兰王后”美称的蝴蝶兰从大漠“开进”千家万户。
2019年，中国第七大沙漠--库布齐沙漠腹地建起中国北方最大的蝴蝶兰基地，让原产自热带雨林国家的蝴蝶兰在大漠里花开正艳。
图为年宵花产品。 盒马花园供图库布齐沙漠地处内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市境内，这里光照充沛，昼夜温差大，地下水源洁净，为培育蝴蝶兰提供了优良的自然条件。
具有输欧标准的连栋智能温室大棚，设有一万级无菌蝴蝶兰组培中心和自主培养基地，以及成立蝴蝶兰杂交、克隆组培的研发团队……2022年9月，位于鄂尔多斯市杭锦旗的沙漠盒马村正式挂牌，一期占地面积约4.4万平方米。
沙漠盒马村培育研发中心蝴蝶兰组培负责人刘金婵介绍，引进优质品种后，科技人员开展组织培养，把蝴蝶兰的花苗抽梗。“蝴蝶兰抽梗后，能让一支梗培育出1000株蝴蝶兰。”
蝴蝶兰组培的无菌环境要求非常严格，堪比医院的外科手术室。接种室的技术人员在玻璃操作台前，为蝴蝶兰的芽做着“克隆手术”，以达到增殖的效果。“整个环节，人的皮肤组织不能接触幼芽。”刘金婵如是说。
图为接种室的技术人员为蝴蝶兰的芽做“克隆手术”。 盒马花园供图娇贵的蝴蝶兰“婴儿期”就要生活在瓶子里，从母瓶到子瓶，一共需要在玻璃瓶中生长8至12个月，但它却在科研人员的精心照拂下，具备了抗性强、生命力旺盛、花朵艳丽、花期长的新品种特性。
“沙漠蝴蝶兰”基地的花每天要享受12个小时的“日光浴”，并采用荷兰、以色列等国家的培育技术，让蝴蝶兰种苗全部“住”在恒温的可移动式植床上。
数据显示，蝴蝶兰组培中心成立近3年，可年产蝴蝶兰种苗1000余万株，每年研发、推广10至20个新品种。目前，“沙漠蝴蝶兰”基地有220多万株种苗，100多个蝴蝶兰品种。
如今，“沙漠蝴蝶兰”的成功培育打破中国“南花北调”的现状，可以实现反向输出，将内蒙古的蝴蝶兰调运至上海等基地，进行催花，最终开进千家万户。
图为“沙漠蝴蝶兰”组培中心。 盒马花园供图做过小学音乐教师的“90后”张佳磊，如今是这些“沙漠蝴蝶兰”的“奶爸”，看着这些争奇斗艳的花朵，作为当地人的他感叹，以农牧业为主的杭锦旗曾是国家级贫困县，没有特色农业品牌。“能在北方沙漠里种出热带、亚热带地区的高附加值植物，且达到规模化和产业化，这对当地来说可谓是个奇迹。”
目前，“沙漠蝴蝶兰”基地有当地产业工人、管理人员共计150人，人均月收入可达5000元人民币。
盒马花园负责人履言介绍，随着物流运输条件成熟，“沙漠蝴蝶兰”从内蒙古运到北京，甚至比云南鲜花北上用时更短。
履言说，“沙漠蝴蝶兰”基地计划用3到4年的时间，扩建至现有面积的3倍，同时完备科技设施、加强科研实力，提高产量，将重年宵场景的蝴蝶兰变为四季销售。(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。  资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。 因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。 日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence. 
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